Performance Enhancing Supplements Essay - 2066 Words

Performance Enhancing Supplements Northeastern junior Colin Magee is like other athletic students around campus. He played sports in high school and now lifts weights at the Marino Center, Northeastern’s multi-million dollar workout center, several times a week. Also like many other weight-lifting students, Magee takes performance-enhancing supplements. Performance-enhancing supplements are nutrients that, unlike anabolic steroids, are available over the counter at countless supermarkets and nutrition stores nationwide. Supplements such as androstenedione (andro), creatine, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), and NO2 are the most popular in today’s market, and are used to improve muscle gain. They are taken to coincide with a†¦show more content†¦Of 21,225 student athletes who anonymously completed a questionnaire, 29.2% said they currently used â€Å"some type of supplement other than multivitamins,† the NCAA News reported. Of those supplement users, the major reasons student-athletes used the supplements were to improve athletic performance (27.3%), to improve physical appearance (also 27.3%), and for weight loss/gain (19.7%). Steroid use is not strictly a problem among college-aged students. There is evidence steroid use can oftentimes start much earlier than in college. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services conducted in 2001, 3.7% of high school seniors have taken anabolic steroids, while 2.1% of high school juniors and 1.6% of eighth graders have reported to have also at least once taken steroids. It has been proven by numerous studies that if exposed to steroids in high school, teenagers will almost always continue using steroids in college. According to a study done by the National Institute of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements and the Council for Responsible Nutrition, about 42% of NCAA athletes who reported in 2001 that they use steroids said they brought the habit with them from high school. The numbers for how many college athletes use over-the-counter supplements are much higher than steroid numbers. According to a survey ofShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs And Supplements Plague The Athletic Playing Field Worldwide2011 Words   |  9 PagesHistorical National Football League coach and manager Vince Lombardi once said, â€Å"Winning isn t everything--but wanting to win is†. The want to win, is real; it is embodied by the usage of performance enhancing drugs. Blood doping increases the count of red blood cells in the body, anabolic steroids accelerate the growth of muscle and strengthen the bones, and stimulants increase alertness, competitiveness, aggressiveness and reduce fatigue. All of these materials have clear benefits but the healthRead MoreEssay on Performance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes935 Words   |  4 PagesSince the dawn of the twenty-first century, performance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of som e sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given athletes an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive drive is intensely fierce. Despite all, most athletes have high hopes of attaining prestigious awards, a full ride college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opportunity to play for a professional teamRead MoreThe Benefits of Performance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesSince the dawn of the twenty-first century, performance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of some sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given the user an edge, an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive drive to win can be quite intense. Besides the satisfaction of personal accomplishment, athletes commonly pursue high hopes of attaining a medal, a college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opp ortunityRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSince the dawn of the twenty-first century, performance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of some sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given the user an edge, an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive determination to win is intense. Despite all, most athletes have high hopes of either winning a medal, a full ride college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opportunity to play for a professionalRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rules by using performance enhancing drugs each year. Performance enhancing drugs help athletes to becomes bigger, faster, and overall better at their individual sport. This process is called doping. Doping can be defined as using drugs and various substances to better perform at a particular task. Furth ermore, these athletes act in the moment and fail to see all aspects of these performance enhancing drugs. Contradictorily, some individuals argue that performance enhancing drugs should in factRead Moreâ€Å"Performance-Enhancing Drugs in the Workplace† Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Performance-Enhancing Drugs in the Workplace† Performance-enhancers are becoming more common in our everyday life, despite our efforts to ban them. This raises the questions, should we just accept these drugs and use them to our advantage? Or should we continue to resist these drugs and not take advantage of their performance-enhancing capabilities? When you start talking about organizations like the military, where Soldiers are ask to go beyond the normal physical and mental stress of a regularRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs. . Performance-Enhancing Drugs1580 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Performance-enhancing drugs (PED s) have been an issue for many decades now for the medical and sports field. Olympic and professional athletes have been using them to gain an upper hand on the competition, but some may ask if it s really worth it? Studies show that performance-enhancing drugs have been proven to negatively affect the health of athletes who take them. Simply put, performance-enhancing drugs could either improve athletic performance or can be extremelyRead MoreDo People Understand The Harmful Effects Of Performance?712 Words   |  3 Pagesthe harmful effects of performance enhancers like steroids, stimulants, relaxants, diuretics, and painkillers have on athletes? Body 1. Need step: Performance enhancers of any kind can be a detriment not only to an athlete’s health, but also to their careers. HEALTH- Athletes start to question their credibility and ability to perform, which leads them to pursue paths they wouldn’t otherwise pursue. There are negative, long-term effects that come along with taking performance enhancers such as: growthRead MoreEthical Dilemmas : Performance Enhancing Drugs1674 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas: Performance Enhancing Drugs Today’s society places high-performance athletes on a pedestal and our youth look to become the next superstar. The question plaguing young athletes is â€Å"how can I get there?†. Physical development must be considered for any athlete and this consequently introduces the topic of performance enhancing drugs. These substances can cause physical development to occur faster than the natural rate, making the athlete a step above â€Å"the rest†. Ethical, moralRead More Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When most people think of performance-enhancing drugs the first thought that comes to their minds is the illegal ones like steroids, but today there are more non-illegal drugs like creatine and androstenedione for people today. Creatine is a chemical produced by the kidney and found in meat product. It helps muscles recover after a workout, which in turn helps athletes bulk up faster (Gregorian 5). Creatine is used by many of the nations top college sports teams

What Analysis of the Female Role Does Atwood Offer in The...

The Handmaids Tale is set in the early twentieth century in the futuristic Republic of Gilead, formerly the United States of America. The Republic has been founded by a Christian response to declining birthrates. The government rules using biblical teachings that have been distorted to justify the inhumane practices. In Gilead, women are categorized by their age, marital status and fertility. Men are categorised by their age. Women all have separate roles in society, and although these roles are different, they all share the same theme: Every woman is confined to the home and has a domestic duty. Marthas are cooks and housekeepers, and handmaids have one duty, which is to reproduce, growing and giving birth to babies to the childless†¦show more content†¦In Gilead, women are treated like objects and all of their rights are taken away from them. They cannot vote, hold property or jobs, read, or do anything else that might cause them to become rebellious or independent, and un dermine the men, or the state. Even the shops where the handmaids go to buy food do not have names on for them to read, just pictures. The only thing important about a woman now is her ovaries and her womb, as they are reduced to just their fertility. `I used to think of my body as an instrument of pleasure... `...Im a cloud congealed around a central object, The language that Atwood uses here shows that a womans womb is the only solid, real thing that they possess. A womans emotions, feelings and other body parts are like `a cloud, they are insignificant and not real, and are seen to just float around the solid object that is their womb. Enforcers of the regime, such as the Aunts believe that this is a better, safer world for women. One of them states that in the time before, women had freedom to, and now they have freedom from. This means that they will not be raped or abused, they will not be whistled at, and will not have to be scared of anything when walking alone. However, what is happening to them in this new society, is, in reality, much worse. The novel is a shocking look at the future. With an originalShow MoreRelatedThoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in the Handmaid’s Tale Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2012 Thoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in The Handmaid’s Tale The Annotated Bibliography Dopp, Jamie. Subject-Position as Victim-Position in The Handmaids Tale. Studies in Canadian Literature / Études en littà ©rature canadienne [Online], 19.1 (1994): n. page. Web. 27 Nov. 2012 Dopp believes that Dopp believes that the goal of The Handmaid’s Tale is to work against the oppression of women, While he feels that is actually does the opposite. Dopp Argues that the way the test is writtenRead MoreTheme Of Women In The Handmaids Tale1784 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history, women have been shamed and oppressed in different aspects of life. In The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the oppression of women continues into the dystopian future. One cannot read The Handmaid’s Tale without seeing the problems of gender separation among roles and treatment in society. Although a feminist story, The Handmaid’s Tale gives some surprisingly sympathetic portrayals of men while those of women can be critical. Men are the most mysterious characters; theyRead MoreHow Are the Two Female Protagonists Offred from â€Å"the Handmaids Tale† by Magaret Atwood and Celie from â€Å"the Color Purple† by Alice Walker Oppressed by Men, in What Ways Are Their Situations Similar and How Do They Deal4443 Words   |  18 Pagesâ€Å"How are the two female protagonists Offred from â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† by Magaret Atwood and Celie from â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker oppressed by men, in what ways are their situations similar and how do they deal with the pressure and abuse?† Abstract The purpose of this essay is to look at how the two protagonist women, Offred from â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† and Celie from â€Å"The Color Purple† are treated in literature. This essay aims to answer the question: â€Å"How are the two protagonist women

Tourism and Animal Welfare-Samples for Students-Myassignementhelp

Question: Discuss about the Tourism and Animal Welfare. Answer: Introduction Many tourists come to Thailand looking forward to riding on elephants or feeding the monkeys, taking pictures with them any many more such activities with the wildlife creatures. However, historically Thailand does not have a very good track record in preserving the elephants and monkeys (Schmidt-Burbach, Ronfot Srisangiam, 2015). The Thailand government has recently started the responsible tourism developing the notion of travelling rightly and not harming the wildlife creatures. Definition of topic The concept of animal welfare in Thailand tends to relate to treating the animals in a way that they are not harmed while they are being part of tourism. General Statement Animal welfare and tourism is quite different from the concept of animal conservation because previously the animals have been treated in a cruel way and they have been used for tourist entertainment (Fennell, 2013). The elephants and monkeys had been put on the show such as monkeys fighting like human beings or riding the elephants, yet in that way the tourists have put huge amount of money into the pockets of a groups of cruel people who treat those animals with unkindness and brutality and use them for their own profit. Facts about the topic Therefore the Thailand Government had introduced the animal welfare law for the first time in the year 2014. The Act is known as Prevention of Animal Cruelty and Provision of Animal Welfare Act that came into power from December 2014 (Schmidt-Burbach, Ronfot Srisangiam, 2015). Through the animal fighting in accordance with the domestic customs of Thailand, several monkeys and elephants have been exploited. In addition to that the elephants are also used for performing and working purpose in Thailand which are mostly been poached from Myanmar. The statistics show that there are around six to seven thousand elephants that live in Thailand where around two thousand elephants have been trafficked from outside and were caught from the forests. There have also been rigorous killing of the elephants in Thailand. Causes Thailand has been well-known for not treating its animal in a right way. Thailand never had any particular legislation for the protection of the animals; however there was only a minor code that indicated that any kind of cruelty towards the animals was punishable for maximum one month along with a minimum fine of thousand baht (Fennell, 2013). In order to include the animals into Thailand tourism the monkeys and elephants have been tortured, neglected and uncared to a great extent. Impact As an impact to the continuous animal cruelty the Thailand government has passed the new act in the year 2014 for the further prevention of those animals. The act has been enforced from 2014 (Schmidt-Burbach, Ronfot Srisangiam, 2015). The first offender under the act has been report in 2015 when a villager, kamdee Kotata was arrested by the police as he had cut a dog out of rage. Conclusion The animal rights mostly demand for a strict boycott of the animal shows which have been one of the main attractions for tourists in Thailand. However, this field needs more researches so that the animal rights are not violated due to mere purpose of tourism business. Reference List Fennell, D. A. (2013). Tourism and animal welfare.Tourism Recreation Research,38(3), 325-340. Schmidt-Burbach, J., Ronfot, D., Srisangiam, R. (2015). Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and tiger (Panthera tigris) populations at tourism venues in Thailand and aspects of their welfare.PloS one,10(9), e013

Pricing Decisions Problems

Describe a skimming price and a penetration price Skimming and penetration pricing are two strategies for the creation of better profits. These strategies are employed by the businesses releasing new products and requiring promotion of the appearing goods. Penetration pricing is based on the offering of lower prices for the new products in order to attract buyers and create customer base.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main disadvantage of penetration price is that its gradual growth over time might lead to the loss of customers. Skimming pricing is a strategy consisting of three phases. Each phase has different product price, the first price is the highest and then it gradually goes down. This strategy is suitable for well known brands and relies on the chase after fashionable products. If the brand is not developed enough, this strategy will fail.  Alba and Gavigan are a celebrity couple, so their product would be the focus of customers’ attention right away, although skimming price may not work because the product is not a fashion attribute, it is about the health and welfare of babies, so the customers would be focused on choosing brands they trust over the ones that are fashionable. Offering a penetration price and then gradually raising it may distract some customers, yet since the product really is of good quality, this threat can be avoided if The Honest Company manages to win many loyal clients. This way, the couple is recommended to go with the penetration price; this will create reputation and help win the trust of customers. It is important to remember that the price should not be very low, but accessible; otherwise, the customers may start to doubt the quality of products.  Since Alba and Gavigan are oriented at the creation of honest business and maintaining long term profits, penetration price is the way to go. The celebrity status of the business owners will serve as a very good promotion tool for The Honest Company. This way, the company should expect high sales right away, and after the customers start to appreciate the products, loyalty developing strategies can be applied to keep and even maximize the size of The Honest Company’s customer base. Besides, this strategy fits into the company image anticipated by Alba and Gavigan. Their business provides good quality all-natural products for babies for a fair price. This strategy will secure their business from losing clients in the long term.  Finally, to keep increasing their profits over time, the business owners may start to increase the price for their goods gradually. Baby food and hygiene market is the field where the customers care about the quality of the products the most.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why once a company earns a reputation of a fair and reliable business their customer base size will become steady or even win more buyers ready to pay higher price for better quality products. What price would you bid if you must win the project? As the owner of a small building company willing to bid on a government contract for the building of a pedestrian walkway in a national park during the coming winter and having to compete with three other bidders I have made some calculations. First of all, I tried to estimate the approximate lowest bidding barrier for each of the bidders based on my competitor intelligence; this way, the first bidder has the lowest bidding price of $397980, as their incremental costs exceed those of my company by 10%, the second bidder’s lowest bidding price would be $435200, and the third bidder’s barrier is $484000, the lowest bidding price of my company is $428800, yet since my capacity utilization is moderate, the co mpany would not assign the lowest price possible and neither would my first and second competitors. The first bidder has the highest capacity utilization rate, so they are likely to bid the highest amount possible, which is for them approximately $442200 (incremental cost plus 50%), this way to win the project my company has to bid higher than $428800 and lower than $442200. The difference between the bid of my company and the first bidder has to be significant because the first decision maker is the buyer’s relative, so my final bidding price would estimate $435000. Since it is a government contract that assumes no extra costs, the buyer is likely to have very low risk tolerance and $7200 difference would be enough to break the family ties. To maximize my expected value from the contribution to this project I would assign a higher price of $455600 (incremental costs plus 70%) because my capacity utilization is moderate. With this price I would still have a good chance to win the project because the first bidder is a small and inefficient plant and they do not like winter contracts. The bidder number three is rather expensive, besides, the decision maker there is looking for a promotion and plain government contract is hardly a way towards that for a creative competitor from a large and efficient plant. Finally, the second bidder seems to have the same prices as my company, yet they do not appreciate messy and inconvenient jobs and their decision maker is looking for a new job, which serves as a strong de-motivating factor concerning the success of winning this project.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Pricing Decisions Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This coursework on Pricing Decisions Problems was written and submitted by user Grace Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Picture of Arabic Feminist

The Picture of Arabic Feminist The three stories titled The Picture share the perspective that sex and desire are complicated, not uniformly happy elements in a woman’s life, and that they carry terrible risks, whether one is very young or quite mature in years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Picture of Arabic Feminist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Looking at three women and the families around them, the stories by Layla Al-Uthman, Nawal Al-Saadawi, and Latifa Al-Zayyat examine women who are becoming aware of a new aspect of their sexual life, often with less than joyous implications. Narjis, the barely pubescent heroine of Nawal Al-Saadawi’s story, discovers both her own emerging sexuality and her father’s hypocrisy and exploitativeness of his household servant. Latifa Al-Zayyat’s heroine, Amal, becomes aware of the potential for her beloved and desired husband to be faithless. Layla Al-Uthman recounts the tale of her heroine in the first person, a woman contemplating the possibility of cuckolding her husband. All three discover aspects of their own sexuality that open up the potential for great pain. In Al-Saadawi’s tale of self-discovery, the little girl explores her own body in a way that would be entirely unremarkable in a western or secular household. However in the context of her religious upbringing and the strict and reserved behavior of her father, this self-exploration becomes frightening, and momentous. It ultimately destroys her world, which is founded on a worshipful respect for her father. If she were not feeling the new feelings engendered by her growing and developing body, she would not have been up so late to belatedly fulfill the obligatory ablutions her father and her religion have imposed on her. As a result, she is awake at a time of night when her father imposes his sexual will on the house servant. Thus, she discovers the possibilities of her own body and th at of all women, in a cataclysmic moment of revelation.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Narjis is apparently motherless. There is nothing to suggest that she has a mother now, or ever did. Her only female role model is the taciturn house servant who is fulfilling the role of mother, servant, and, apparently, sex object for her father. Thus, at this turning point in her life, she has no one to ask, no one to share her new-found insights with. She is limited.herself, to the role of supplicant at her father’s feet, doomed never to look him in the face, a hero worshipper, uttering the same two words that her father’s servant uses to communicate with him. She persists in her investigations of herself, nonetheless, experimenting and wondering at what she finds. She is too young to have experienced the ‘male gaze’, but has frequently basked in the reflected glory of her father’s respected position in the community. Thus, her budding buttocks are in a sense the first element of her own identity apart from her overbearing father. They are something he has not asked her to do, that he did not cause to happen, and they are her exclusively her own. As noted above, however, they are also a mystery. Najir notes that, She could see Nabawiyya from the rear, but not herself. At that moment, she imagined that she had discovered a new human misfortune: you could see other peoples bodies but not the body in which you were born and which you always carried around However, in a society where women have little or no status, what could be a woman’s own territory, or fiefdom; namely, her own body, Najir is confronted with the unavoidable fact that all a woman’s parts are at the service of men. This is symbolized by Najir’s father’s exploitation of his maidservant. The fact that the act may be pleasurable for Nabawiyya is irrelevant. Najir’s father’s taking of her sexually excludes her from chances at a marriage of her own, because she is deprived of her virginity, and exposes the young woman to the risk of a pregnancy which could be literally life-threatening.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Picture of Arabic Feminist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that the two girls are developing secondary sexual characteristics at the same time suggests that they are roughly the same age, which makes his deflowering of Nabawiyya all the more disturbing. The author leaves us with the clear sense that Najir is bound to a path that will be different from the one she was on when the story opened. She does not drape herself modestly in the sight of her father’s portrait. She regards him, in the same photograph that she so admired at the start of the story, very differently. Here is how her father’s image is described before the revelation: His head looked big, his nose large and crooked, and his eyes hollow and wide, almost swallowing her up. After her discovery, the description changes subtly. There is almost a phallic feel to the way Najir’s father’s portrait is depicted – note the use of the image of bulging, and slicing: His wide eyes were bulging, and his sharp, crooked nose sliced his face in two. By the end of the story, Najir has acquired a sense of her own identity, her own body, her own thoughts. Her buttocks, the readers imagines, will likely be bestowed, in her future, where and when she chooses, and not where any man insists they be bestowed. At the other end of a woman’s sexual and reproduction life is the heroine of Layla Al-Uthman’s version of The Picture. She tells her story herself, a near brush with humiliation. The woman has the societal role of a wife and mother, with a grown son, so her marriage was at an early but perhaps not too early age. She acquires an ambition which even she herself terms â€Å"frivolous†, to have an affair. This occurs in spite of her being married to a man to whom she is still attracted, and who cherishes her enough to stage an elaborate birthday party for her.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the process of contemplating her own potential infidelity, she considers the possibility that her husband has long since been unfaithful to her. She also reviews the possible candidates for both disloyalties. The fact that none of the men in her life strikes her as being as attractive to her as her own husband signals that the lech is not so much sexual as existential. Is it not more likely that she wants excitement to offset the ennui she feels? She says, I became very calm, but my mind was racing. I felt a continuous sense of rebellion. I was driven by boredom, drawn from one room to another, from wardrobe to drawer. I searched for something to do. All the things that might need tidying up or dusting suddenly looked in perfect order. I loathed everything around me. The house was rejecting me. Her role in the family is very probably constraining and suffocating, although she has the freedom to drive a car, and walk in public. She finds no relief in driving fast, however. Instead , she encounters a woman who either is, or resembles closely, the older woman with whom her son had a brief affair. It is clear from the son’s letter that he regards the woman as having humiliated herself and disgusted him by her behavior. In remembering this story, the protagonist draws a direct comparison between herself and this nameless older woman. She is appalled at the prospect of her own aging body and face being involved in such a liaison. She would, herself, play the role of a fading beauty trying to recapture some desirability of youth if she pursued her intention of infidelity. As she guns the car motor, she flees both her own foray into infidelity, and, perhaps, the chance to escape the stifling boredom of her life as it has been. In this depressing finale, the reader senses the tyranny of youthfulness in determining sexual desirability. There is no a priori reason why an older woman should not be as attractive as a younger one when fertility is not the aim for t he relationship. However, the protagonist clearly feels, by the end of the story, that she is disqualified from that particular solution to boredom and social constraints. The reader is left to hope that the protagonist will find constructive ways to spread her wings and bring some fresh air into her cigarette-drugged lungs, ways that do not hold the risk of destroying her family. The somewhat younger woman in Latifa Al-Zayyat’s story still has an active role to play as the mother of a young son. She has the excitement of finding that her husband still is capable of fierce desire for her, perhaps sparked by the unfamiliarity of an â€Å"away† vacation. However, this gratification is spoiled by her suspicions that her husband is contemplating infidelity. The author does not make clear whether Amal’s concerns are justified. The process by which Amal arrives at her suspicions draws attention to the sade fact that she seems to have defied her parents and married for love rather than with an arranged marriage. She also seems to have exerted lifelong efforts to be a modest and appropriate woman and wife. During her engagement, for example, she did not want to have a picture taken that revealed a public display of affection. Her chaste and devoted behavior contrasts violently with the other woman’s. The other woman wears shorts, swings her posterior, smokes, drinks, and laughs at another woman’s husband. The other woman is as trapped by her role as Amal is, however. Even if she is actually a PhD in chemistry, her image labels her as a floozy. Izaat may follow at her heels, panting, but he will not take her seriously. She is as shut out of serious life as Amal is. Amal clings to her son in her effort to remind herself of her rights as a mother and wife. However, when she clings to her huband, she finds herself embarrassed by the result. The picture shows her as a desparate woman squeezing her husband’s arm so hard that he grim aces. He runs off immediately afterwards, putatively for change, but the reader is left to wonder whether he has actually gone to get change, or to arrange an assignation with the shameless woman in shorts. Amal takes this photograph as a true reflection of her relationship with her husband. She clearly feels that something has been breached that will not allow for healing. How else is the reader to interpret her willful and spiteful act of defacement of the photo? In case this message is not clear, Al-Zayyat ends the story with the fateful statement that, there was a long road ahead of her. This is a bleak assessment of Amal’s future. As a mature woman, she faces loneliness and possibly deprivation if she breaks with her husband. If she takes her life into her own hands, she will irretrievably change her life. She may lose her child. Is this worth it? Is being independent more important than being married? Is being married to someone who may be faithless worth more than bein g alone? What role would Amal play as a divorced woman? In the course of a few minutes and a few pages, the reader is dragged from a watching a happy wife laughing at rainbows, to watching a wife with serious suspicions about her mate. This reflects the way such revelations occur in real life, so the impact is powerful. The message seems to be to avoid pinning one’s life and happiness on one man, to avoid playing a role that depends on a weak-willed man’s keeping faith. These are three very different stories, but only one holds any hope of long term happiness. Najir has the best chance of creating a life for herself that does not depend on a man’s whim. In each case, the roles imposed on the heroines, whether semi-servant, cosseted arm candy, or simply taken for granted, are hardly a bargain. The only way out for all three seems to lie in a lonely life apart from men. If this is the aim of feminism, it is a bleak one. As has been observed, the categories of Arab feminist writing are not fixed . These stories are definitely feminist because they focus on the women in them, and they are clearly Arab because the challenges that the women face are shaped by the Arab culture around them. However, there is much that is common to women everywhere who think about their roles and their own sexuality. All women need to think carefully about sex and desire. These are potentially dangerous parts of life. Women all share, in the words of Magda M. Al-Nowaihi, â€Å"sorrows and dreams† . Bibliography Al-Saadawi, Nawal. The Picture. Cohen-Mor, Dalya. Arab Women Writers: An Anthology of Short Stories. Ed. Dalya Cohen-Mor. Trans. Dalya Cohen-Mor. SUNY Press, 2005. 60-64. Al-Uthman, Layla. The Picture. Cohen-Mor, Dalya. Arab Women Writers: An Anthology of Short Stories. Ed. Dalya Cohen-Mor. Trans. Dalya Cohen-Mor. SUNY Press, 2005. 73-78. Al-Zayyat, Latifa. The Picture. Cohen-Mor, Dalya. Arab Women Writers: An Anthology of Short Stories. Ed. Dalya Coh en-Mor. Trans. Dalya Cohen-Mor. SUNY Press, 2005. 65-72. M. Al-Nowaihi, Magda. Resisiting Silence in Arab Womens Autobiographies. International Journal of Middle East Studies 33 (2001): 477-502. Mendola, Tara. Where do We Go From Here? College Literature 36.3 (2009): 221-9.

Definition and Examples of Multiple Exclamation Marks

Definition and Examples of Multiple Exclamation Marks An  exclamation point  (!)  is a mark of  punctuation  used after a word, phrase, or sentence that expresses a strong emotion. It ends emphatic statements, says English Grammar Punctuation, a reference guide. William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White, in their famous Elements of Style,  say that: The exclamation mark is to be reserved for after true exclamations and commands. And Merriam-Websters Guide to Punctuation and Style  notes that the exclamation point is used to mark a forceful comment or exclamation. It is also called an  exclamation mark  or tellingly, in newspaper jargon, a  shriek. These sources and others may define it with different vocabulary, but they all agree on one thing: The exclamation point is possibly the most overused punctuation mark in the English language.  Multiple exclamation points  (or marks)- two or, often, three exclamation marks  (!!!) following a word or sentence- should be even rarer still in good writing. History The exclamation point was first used by printers at the end of the 15th century, according to  Thomas MacKellar, in his 1885 book, The American Printer: A Manual of Typography. MacKellar also noted that the punctuation meant admiration or exclamation as well as surprise, astonishment, rapture, and the like sudden emotions of the mind. The mark, itself, comes from Latin, says  Smithsonian.com: In Latin, the exclamation of joy was  io,  where the i was written above the o. And, since all their letters were written as capitals, an I with an O below it looks a lot like an exclamation point. It wasn’t until 1970 that the exclamation point had its own key on the keyboard, the Smithsonian notes, adding that before that you had to type a period, and then use the backspace to go back and stick an apostrophe above it. When executives dictated to secretaries, they would say bang to indicate the exclamation point, leading to the term  interbang,  a  nonstandard punctuation  mark in the form of a question mark superimposed on an exclamation point (sometimes appearing as ?!).  It is used to end a rhetorical question or a simultaneous question and exclamation. Some writers, then, began using  multiple exclamation points  as a logical outgrowth of the interbang and single exclamation mark to add even more emphasis to words, phrases, and sentences. Purpose The use of the exclamation point- and, even more so, multiple exclamation points- has been met with plenty of controversy and criticism. Smithsonian notes this less-than-pleased response  by F. Scott Fitzgerald to the use of multiple exclamation points: â€Å"Cut out all those exclamation marks. An exclamation mark is like laughing at your own jokes.† Author Elmore Leonard was even more incensed by their use: â€Å"You are allowed no more than two or three per 100,000 words of prose.† Leonard also said that use of  multiple exclamation points  is the sign of a diseased mind. Still, exclamation points do have a purpose in the English language, according to the late  Rene Jack Cappon, a longtime editor at the Associated Press and author of  The Associated Press Guide to Punctuation. Cappon said that exclamation points are certainly not subtle; instead, they act like a kettle drum, noisily calling readers attention to a given word, phrase, or sentence. Echoing the very earliest use of this punctuation mark, Cappon says you should use exclamation points to convey pain, fear, astonishment, anger, and disgust, as in: â€Å" Ouch! My toes! cries one, a bowling ball dropped on his foot. Somebody  help  me! screams a damsel in distress. Look, a real unicorn! Astonishment. Get thee behind me, Satan! Rage and disgust. Cappon notes that you rarely run into emotional outbursts like these, so you should use single or multiple exclamation points sparingly. He and other grammar and punctuation experts point out that you should generally let the words speak for themselves, set off by a simple  period,  comma, or  semicolon. Otherwise, you risk damaging your credibility by constantly yelling at your readers, similar to someone screaming fire in a crowded theater, even when there is not a hint of smoke. Rules for Using Exclamation Marks Richard Bullock, Michal Brody, and Francine Weinberg note in the The Little Seagull Handbook, a grammar, punctuation, and style guide used on many college campuses, that you should use exclamation points to express strong emotion or add emphasis to a statement or command. They give this example of when to use an exclamation point, from Susan Jane Gilmans Hypocrite in a Pouffy White Dress: Tales of Growing Up Groovy and Clueless, who described seeing The Rolling Stones band member Keith Richards: Keith, we shrieked as the car drove away. Keith, we love you! Encountering a member of the iconic rock band- and the shrieking that accompanied the sighting- would, indeed, call for at least one exclamation point- and perhaps more!!!- to emphasize the excitement of the moment. Another example of when to use exclamation points is illustrated in this pithy quote from Tennessee Williams in Camino Real. Make voyages! Attempt them! Theres nothing else. You can also use multiple exclamation points in  informal  or comic writing, or to express  sarcasm, as in:   I loved your last email! OMG did I LOVE it!!! The point is that the writer of the above sentences didnt really love the email. She was being  ironic, which the multiple exclamation points help to show. Additionally, David Crystal, in Making a Point: The Persnickety Story of English Punctuation, gives these examples where the  contexts  dictate when exclamation marks would be acceptable, even expected: Interjections -  Oh!Expletives -  Damn!Greetings -  Happy Xmas!!!Calls -  Johnny!Commands -  Stop!Expressions of surprise -  What a mess!!!Emphatic statements -  I want to see you now!Attention-getters -  Listen carefully!Loud speech in dialogue -  Im in the garden!Ironic comments -  He paid, for a change!  or . . .  for a change (!)Strong mental attitudes -  Hardly! he thought But there are many other instances where you should omit exclamation points, as in this example from The Little Seagull Handbook. It was so close, so low, so huge and fast, so intent on its target that I swear to you, I swear to you, I felt the vengeance and rage emanating from the plane.- Debra Fontaine, Witnessing Bill Walsh, the late copy chief for the  Washington Post, noted in The Elephants of Style: A Trunkload of Tips on the Big Issues and Gray Areas of Contemporary American English that you should omit exclamation points (and other punctuation marks) when they are, essentially, gimmicky decorations for company names. So, says Walsh, you would write Yahoo,  not Yahoo! The Associated Press Stylebook also notes that you place exclamation points within quote marks when they are part of the quoted material, as in: How wonderful! he exclaimed.Never! she shouted. But place exclamation points outside of quotation marks when they are not part of the quoted material: I hated reading Spensers Faerie Queene! And never use other punctuation marks, such as a comma, after an exclamation point: Wrong: Halt!, the corporal cried.Right: Halt! the corporal cried. So, when using exclamation points remember that less is more. Use this punctuation mark- whether it be one, two, or three exclamation points- only when the context calls for it. Otherwise, let your prose speak for themselves and save the mighty exclamation point for extreme circumstances, for heavens sake!!!

Executive Compensation in Investment Banks Essay

Executive Compensation in Investment Banks - Essay Example Initially it was the investing public that was greatly affected, but as the crisis grew and the state had to intervene, it was the common man who stands out as most hurt, not only in the US, but across Europe and the world. Apart from bearing the full force of the crisis in terms of recession, unemployment, it is his money that is being used to bailout companies from the mess created for which he is in no way responsible. The media, the public and the politicians are busy naming the culprits for the crisis. The state regulators are trying hard to exonerate themselves by saying it did everything to prevent it and academicians are busy trying to analyse and suggest solutions. The analysts and executives who are being seen as the immediate malefactors are facing the media and public ire for the alleged role they played in the process. The important thing about this crisis is that it is not something that happened by a set of circumstances which developed overnight. There have been two similar occurrences, though of lesser magnitude in the last decade, the stock market bubble in the mid nineties and the crisis following the dot.com bubble burst in the earlier part of the century. At both times the reactions of the media, public and regulators have been similar, but apparently whatever remedial action taken by the regulators and the industry does not seem to have prevented the recurrence of the present crisis. Questions are still being asked on how this has happened Can these be prevented Are these inherent risks in a capitalist and market economy and therefore these are unavoidable If so, how should they be mitigated What and who is responsible for the present crisis What has been the role of the state and regulators The questions being attempted to be answered in these area are more specific namely if the executive compensation in investment banks are flawed and whether disclosures made in Reports and Accounts have given information to shareholders about long term prospects of the company to justify such high compensation and how these have affected shareholders wealth erosion in the present crisis. There is a universal agreement across academicians, industry, regulators and media that executive payments in investment banks are indeed very high. "Firms make lots of money, and use about half of it to overpay their employees."(Brown, 6) CFA UK's analysis of pay structure of employees of investment banks (Annexure A) and concedes that they are very high compared to other business sectors. Even if we concede for the moment that the remuneration and incentives paid to employees and CEOs of investment bank is disproportionate to what they really deserve, and this had a bearing on the crisis, this cannot be the reason for the crisis. Three articles have been chosen from three different sources-the media, academic research and industry association to see how much they agree with the statement. These have been taken from three different periods of time, one immediately after the previous crisis of 2002, one midway between the last two crises (2007) and one not more than a month ago after the full impact of the crisis was beginning to unfold (2008). The first one is written by Gretchen C. Morgenson et al. (2002) appeared in May 2002 in the Money and Business/ Financial section of

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Management, And Employee Essay

Performance Appraisal, Diversity Management, And Employee Participation - Essay Example The leaders of the organization are the key to the success of any organization. They who set the goals, define the mission and vision and work with the employees to get the objectives completed. The problem that the company is facing is due to the lack of leadership qualities shown by the leader and non-satisfactory part played by the managers in performing their roles. Let’s identify some of the problems that are found in the company: Like the case study tells us, most of the top level and middle-level management positions are occupied by white men who share similar interests. This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the white men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top-level managers, the minority groups in the company would feel cut out and would generally blame the management of favoring the whites even if this wasn’t true. So by not having a diverse top management force, the perception o f the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) The minority groups are complaining about the incorrect and unjustified performance appraisals done. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason, their accusations of discrimination have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the management’s negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a critical look.  ... This gives an idea that the organization is in control of the white men, and decisions are taken by them. When even white middle managers would spend time with the white top level managers, the minority groups in the company would feel cut out and would generally blame the management of favoring the whites even if this wasn't true. So by not having a diverse top management force, the perception of the minority groups becomes biased. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) 2. Injustices to the Minority Groups The minority groups are complaining about the incorrect and unjustified performance appraisals done. They received lesser points when compared to other white employees and for this very reason their accusations for discrimination have become certain. Although the management may not be discriminatory and performance appraisal is done solely on merit, but due to the management's negative attitude towards the minorities, any appraisal done is looked from a critical look. (Ely & Thomas, 2001) 3. Lack of Knowledge and Trained Human Resource Staff The company has a HR team however the team hasn't been able to fulfill its responsibilities as yet. Not enough knowledge is imparted to the employees about employee appraisal and diversity at the work place which is turning the company into a non-diverse white men company. Such a company can only be successful to an extent since diversity brings in new challenges and with it, it brings creativity. (French, 2006) 4. No Motivation for Minority Groups Minority groups are not finding any luck on their sides. They see no benefits for working and hence some have even resigned from their jobs. Since there is no encouragement, motivation, rewards and appreciation

Fan Violence in International Soccer Essay Example for Free

Fan Violence in International Soccer Essay Fan violence in international soccer is a very serious form of aggression and it must be given a lot of attention by the games’ stake holders. Fan violence in international soccer involves actions that are taken by the football supporters and fights between the supporters of rival teams may sometimes take place after the football matches. The fights could also be prearranged in locations that are away from the stadiums so that the fans can avoid the police interventions. Fan violence can be at times be prompted by violent actions which involve the players themselves or any other form of event that could be taking place during a game or even disturbances and riots that are sport related and often they occur for other reasons. Fan violence in international soccer has been on the increase as it is known as the existence of an essentially unstable and an abnormal temperament in some individuals who happen for some reason to have taken soccer as an arena in which they act out their instabilities. (Smith, 1983) It has become very difficult to deal with the offenders in the football matches and the international football federation has had difficulties punishing the spectators who misbehave themselves . The international football federation has also had to deal with issues that prompt fans violence in soccer matches such as providing seats in place of standing accommodation, initiating maximum cooperation between the police and the football clubs and also ensuring that there is an absolute acceptance of the referees decisions by everybody in the football arena. The key stakeholders of the soccer game are the international football federation who ensure that the punishment that is given to the offenders and to those who participate in football hooliganism should match the seriousness of the offence. It is notably very true that the consumption of alcohol is a very important factor in crowd misbehavior especially in places where the football matches are taking place. (Smith, 1987) The football fans are mainly controlled by the activities and the popularize of different clubs . This makes it a contest as they embark on slogans chants and even songs so that they can demonstrate their support to the teams they support. The violence that exists between the sets of fans is seen as a part of their participation in the game. Violent fans and those who mainly participate in violent actions in the international soccer are basically those people who are young and unemployed. It also involves also those who are members of fanatic clubs and they are poorly educated since they attribute most of their behavior to the external factors rather than the internal ones. In most case there are usually two matches going on in a football stadium and whereas one match concerns the football teams that are on the pitch and the second match usually involves the fanatic fans whose interests are not in the game as such but on the opportunities which are offered by the football such as meeting the club mates and giving vents to their emotions and energies in the battles with others. (Smith, 1983) It is at times very complex to handle fan violence in soccer ethically since the game requires intense physical contact which may cause harm of injury. When the stake holders access the moral status of an action, they examine the issue of consent by the person on whom the action has been performed. Actions by the fans which are outside the rules of the federation of international soccer are considered to be morally unacceptabl. Reference: Smith, M. (1983): Violence and Sport, Toronto, Ontario: Butterworth’s. Smith, M. (1987): Violence in Canadian Amateur Sport, a Review of the Literature, Ottawa, Ontario, Commission for Fair Play, Government of Canada.

Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Essay -- Essays on Politics

Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Introduction Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town and expressed the social unrest of the poor and the need to over-through the oppressors. The 1980’s brought the newest development in social and political music, the emergence of hip-hop and rap. This urban musical art form that was developed in New York City has now taken over the mainstream, but originated as an empowering art form for urban youth and emerging working class. Musically hip-hop spawned the age of DJ’s. With strong influences from Reggae, hip-hop has developed into an empowering form for the expression of ideas, power, revolution and change. Power and empowerment have emerged from these musical styles that now have many commonalities. Hip-hop and Reggae are both forms of protest music. â€Å"Protest music is characterized by objections to injustices and oppressions inflicted on certain individual groups†¦. typically, the intent of protest musicians is to oppose the exploitation and oppression exercised by dominant elites and member of dominant groups†(Stapleton, 221). Hip-hop has developed as a new form of protest music void of the common acoustic guitar. The goal of protest music is to promote freedom through music. Bob Marley expresses his belief that music is a message and route to freedom in the song â€Å"Trench town.† ... ...ap† Miami New Times, February 10, 2000, Thursday. Salmon, Barrington â€Å" Bob Marley’s legacy lives forever† Miami Times, V. 73; N. 22 p. 5A, 2/18/1996 Shivers, Kaia â€Å"This is Reggae Music† Los Angeles Sentinel† V. 66; N. 32 p. B5 11/8/2000 Wilson, Basil â€Å"The politics & culture of Reggae music† The Caribbean-American Magazine v. 24 N. 1 p. 25, 2/28/2000 Discography: Honorary Citizen: Peter Tosh, Sony Music Entertainment:1997 Steffens, Roger. â€Å"In the Tracks of the Stepping Razor: The Peter Tosh Biography† pgs. 42-51 Reflection Eternal: Talib Kweli, Rawkus Records 2000 â€Å"This means you† Run DMC: Run DMC, Arista Records 1983 â€Å"Its Like That† Bob Marley: Confrontation, Polygram Records 1983 â€Å"Chant down Babylon,† and â€Å"Trenchtown† Bob Marley: Suvival, Ploygram Records 1979 â€Å"Babylon System†

Counterargument and Peaceful Species

IGCSE English as a First Language – The Winchester School, Dubai Ishita Sharma – 11G Argumentative writing: â€Å"Humans are a peaceful species at heart† How far do you agree? Are humans a peaceful species at heart? It’s a difficult task to pick a clear side but many people have many opinions. There are various people who will say yes, humans are a peaceful species at heart but there are equally many people who would say no. After all, it is a broad topic concerning an unpredictable species.One strong argument in support of this statement would be that if we weren’t a peaceful species how would we co-exist in such a large population in places like mega cities. Furthermore, criminals exist in a minority, how can that tip the scales and make us think that we are a violent species. Also, if we were so violent, why would we organize charities for people we don’t even know? Why would donations exist? If we were not cooperative how would generation s of scientists from all over the world discover things such as the atom, medicines etc.The counter-argument to that would be that we could just be cooperating for selfish reasons or from fear of justice. There are many who are against this statement and have just as many points to justify their opinion. The most important point is that if we were so peaceful, why are there such things as wars? A minority of criminals, which is slowly rising, have the ability to kill innocent people, are they not humans too? Why is it that weapons such as guns which were invented to protect the innocent, are now being used to kill them? Terrorism and racism, in other words hatred, have consumed many defenceless beings.It is in human nature in fact, to be aggressive. In our history, there have been massive blood baths for selfish reasons such as a quest for power and even natural resources. We are the reason that the Earth may suffer another Ice Age as we are destroying it on a daily basis. Could it not be that it is a fear of being reprimanded that makes us behave like civil people? After all, just 3000 years or so ago, we were barbarians who fought over land and food, and it seems we continue to do so. In conclusion, after weighing up the arguments, I feel that I am against this statement. Humans are not peaceful as it is not even in our nature to be so.We are the cause of many epidemics and in the end we are the ones who destroy each other and everything around us whether it is for selfish purposes or justice. After all, there is no justification for violence, destruction and of course, selfishness. Comment: Introductory paragraph. Explains the fact that this is a complex topics towards which people have differing opinions. Comment: Reason 1. Argument for Comment: Good example of connective adverb to develop reason 1. Comment: Reason 2 Comment: Bridge sentence, indicating that she is now moving on to the reasons against the topic Comment: Argument sections. Reasons for.Comme nt: Use of rhetorical questions to bring the reader over to her viewpoint. Comment: Counter argument section. Reasons against. Comment: Conclusion section of the essay. She states her opinion and reiterated the main reason why she doesn’t believe humans are a peaceful species at heart. Overall, this essay scores an A grade. Ishita has followed the structure we discussed in class: clear introduction, followed by argument, counterargument and a conclusion. She has points for and against the topic indicating that she has considered both sides of the argument and is aware of what the proponents and opponents of the statement believe.She has used a few rhetorical questions for emphasis – always a good strategy. Her conclusion was sound: she states her opinion after presenting us with her main reason why she believes humans aren’t a peaceful species at heart. Her sentences are grammatically correct and she makes her points succinctly with a confident economy of words. She could score a higher grade if she focused a little more on elaborating her points for/against. Using a more varied vocabulary would add an extra dimension to her writing and drive home her points all the more effectively. – Mr. Roberts

Role of Media in Society Today

Media certainly plays a vital role in advertising of anything what so ever to the general public. It is simply the media which brings out the commodities, new cars, new products, new inventions, and new designs of simply anything, new ideas, and new technology to the people Even though there are a lot of different kinds of Medias but television no doubt is the most powerful media present today. There is no doubt that the inventions of television in the human lives have changed everything around us. Communications have been made easier due to these Medias like Radio, television, newspapers and many more. If we simply talk about television as a whole, it would certainly not be wrong to say that television plays a vital role in our lives today. Television has become a necessity, rather than a luxury in almost every part of the world. It is undoubtfully true that today we would see television in simply every home. Even though there are merits as well as demerit of this media. Nowadays television channels and newspapers are busy making money by giving out wrong kind of information to the general public. Making money has simply become top most priority of the people engaged in this media business. They simply think that this way they would become more popular .As indicated earlier, that everyone simply watches television, simply because of the fact that it provides a lot of entertainment although, it is a common thought that the television only offers all types of   dramas, soaps, advertising, and the news. So we could say that due to the reason that this particular media. Has got a lot of viewers on the whole. Children undoubtfully watch a lot of television and according to one of the survey report they spent a lot more time watching television than they spend in their classrooms.   Thus lot viewers mean that this is simply the best media for advertising. As it is that not only the children watch television extensively but also the adults. This has been the reason that advertising is also done extensively on this media.(n.p,n.d} Nowadays shopping is also done through television. within minutes with the help of credit cards without roaming in the rush of shopping malls, which has been greatly appreciated by the female populace of the globe. Thus, television has become a matter of just fingertips, and has promoted, as well as, assisted the humans in achieving a better and improved place in their lives. This way a lot of time is also stopped from being wasted for going to the shopping malls and a person could simply shop at home. Apart from advantages of this media there are a lot of demerits of watching television for example we could say that at times it does happens that what is shown on the television is not what it basically is. when the product is bought on the credit card after watching the advertisement reaches the customer ,the customer does not wants to have it because what was so attractive ,did not appear to be when it got in the hands of the customer. Due to this reason also a lot of people hesitate from buying after watching television ads .But still there are many more that prefer from buying like this because it wastes no time. For the most part the television is found to be very entertaining. People watch television shows they enjoy and find entertaining. Television does not only provide entertainment only for adults but also for the babies. TELEVISION AND ADVERTISING As indicated that even the children of all ages watches television thus a lot of products like candies, different kinds of chocolated, different kinds of outlets for children, toys ,cloths are also advertised on television so the children could also watch and ask their parents to buy it for them.   At the same time there are also a lot of disadvantages of watching television This is also a fact that when people men and women watches television and look at the slim, smart looking people they feel as if they are unhealthy and are not fit .Due to this reason they do not eat well and start to take medicines which is of course not correct. Escaping the media and their influence is impossible. Everywhere one turns, a different form of the media is conveying a message to the world about what normalcy is and/or should be. As Douglas Kellner, author of Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism and Media Culture writes, they provide materials out of which we forge our very identities, our sense of selfhood; our notion of what it means to be male or female† this is true that there is so much going on and so much to look at that it just becomes impossible not to take notice of the messages that the media is passing on to us. The influence of media in society has effects on various age groups As we know that the advertising is done for different age groups so the effect is also on the different group of people. Media’s influence on society is so great that it clearly has the ability to mould our world through its distribution of information. Media can be of any kind it is a fact that people are attracted to it; it is just like a cyclone which takes in everyone who is in its reach. CONCLUSION Earlier when the media was not as it is today, newspapers and radio were the greatest and most reliable source of information in the world to bring people’s attention to different things. But that was long time back .Today the strongest media is television and one of the most reliable too. As it is that it reaches simply everyone .People of all ages, casts, class and religion.. One of the advantages of the television is its reliability, as the information on the television is updated within seconds. Businesspersons can be informed of latest foreign exchange rates and products that would be in trend in the near future. The term ‘television’ is used not only for an electronic box that provides a transmission by receiving and sending particular images and sounds within a distance; however, a new commercial world of entertainment and technology has been emerged through this idiot box. Works Cited Les Brown. (1973). Television. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: USA. Marry Ellen Brown. (1990). Television and Women’s Culture. Currency Press: USA. R. W. Burns. (1998). Television. IET: Texas, USA. Richard Collins. (1990). Television. Routledge: UK. Toby Miller. (2003). Television. Taylor & Francis: New York, USA. Vldamir Kosma Zworykin. (1954). Television. J. Wiley: New York, USA.   

Braveheart Essays

Leadership / Braveheart Essays Leadership / Braveheart Essay Leadership / Braveheart Essay Braveheart Like 12 0 Clock High and Lawrence of Arabia, the characters in Braveheart are engaged in a desperate military campaign against superior forces. In such a situation, the quality of leadership may make a difference between success and failure. As a charismatic leader who draws disparate groups together in support of a cause, the character of William Wallace possesses many similarities to T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia and also to Commander Davenport in 12 0 Clock High. The presence of a charismatic leader brings many advantages to an organization, ncluding a passionate base of supporters, but also some disadvantages, as demonstrated by all three films. Charismatic leaders like Wallace and Lawrence may inspire loyalty and attract recruits through the force of their personalities. Both characters make their initial impressions and win the loyalty of the men they eventually lead through acts of bravery, in Lawrences case, or prowess in combat, in Wallaces. While this kind of attention can inspire considerable passion from followers, who can then achieve results that would otherwise seem impossible, such qualifiers for leadership do not lways indicate a capacity for actual strategic thinking or resource management, which can lead to the downfall of the organization. Commander Davenport in 12 0 Clock High was also a charismatic leader who was well-liked by his men. However, his affection was earned through camaraderie, not leadership skills, which resulted in the 918th group suffering high casualty rates and mission failures. Gardner points out that an effective leader can be measured by the extent to which he or she maintains a focus on group objectives. In the case of charismatic eaders like Wallace and Lawrence, the group objective and personal objectives often align. For the character of William Wallace, his personal mission for revenge evolves into the larger goal of Scottish liberation, while Lawrences goal of Arab liberation comes from personal sympathies for the marginalized Arab tribes. However, the weakness of leadership inspired solely by charisma can come from the same source as its strength, meaning that the leaders personal qualities do not necessarily extend to the act of total leadership. For Lawrence, for example, whose personal ego and mbition eventually cloud his perception of the groups fighting under him, the focus on Arab liberation slowly shifts to a focus on self-aggrandizement. While he does win the battle for Damascus and achieves his overall objectives, his inability to objectively evaluate the situation dooms the larger goal of Arab liberation to failure. William Wallace, on the other hand, does not suffer from the same style of weakness. Like Lawrence, however, the appeal based on his personal reputation is very strong among the rank-and-file soldiers, but weaker among those in power with personal stakes of their own. Lawrences men habitually leave the battle when they have accumulated enough money to make the expedition worthwhile because their William Wallace over-estimates his own authority at the battle of Falkirk, where he is betrayed by Lochlan and Mornay, for whom money and power are more important than Scottish independence. Atticus from the film To Kill a Mockingbird makes a similar error, assuming that his personal conviction will be enough to overcome the racist tendencies of the Jury. By contrast, General Savage achieves results leading the 918th partially because he is willing to be personally unpopular and instill unit iscipline, uniting the group around common goals rather than his personality. Another error made by charismatic leaders in these films is the unwillingness to fully trust their managers and leader-managers. Lawrence continually refuses to acknowledge the advice of al-Sharif throughout the film, even though in several instances Sharifs insight would have maintained the cohesion of the Arab fighting units and prevented Lawrence from being arrested and tortured. William Wallace is also often hesitant to delegate responsibility and listen to the counsel of others, specially the more temperate voice of Robert the Bruce. While Roberts naivet? © is mostly responsible for Wallaces capture, his input regarding dealing with the Scottish nobility could have helped avoid the betrayal and losses in the first place. By contrast, General Savage consistently requests the counsel of the officers and managers working under him. While he does not always respond his officers advice, he is often willing to put aside his own prominence in order to be a more effective leader. Charismatic leaders often find themselves as the recipients of fierce loyalty from heir subordinates. However, this loyalty does not always extend to the goals of the organization at large, resting instead on the leadership fgure himself. When this situation arises, the personality flaws of the individual leader become weaknesses for the entire organization, which may also lack the cohesion to follow through on its goals in the leaders absence. William Wallace, Atticus, and T. E. Lawrence all personally failed at their objectives, while the 819th achieved at their objective precisely because the loyalty of the fghting men was to the organization, not the fgure of the leader.

System Tray Delphi Application

System Tray Delphi Application Take a look at your Task Bar. See the area where the time is located? Are there any other icons there? The place is called the Windows System Tray. Would you like to place your Delphi applications icon there? Would you like that icon to be animated - or reflect the state of your application? This would be useful for programs that are left running for long periods of time with no user interaction (background tasks you typically keep running on your PC all day long). What you can do is to make your Delphi applications look as if they are minimizing to the Tray (instead of to the Task Bar, right to the Win Start button) by placing an icon in the tray and simultaneously making your form(s) invisible. Lets Tray It Fortunately, creating an application that runs in the system tray is pretty easy - only one (API) function, Shell_NotifyIcon, is needed to accomplish the task. The function is defined in the ShellAPI unit and requires two parameters. The first is a flag indicating whether the icon is being added, modified, or removed, and the second is a pointer to a TNotifyIconData structure holding the information about the icon. That includes the handle of the icon to show, the text to show as  a tool tip when the mouse is over the icon, the handle of the window that will receive the messages of the icon and the message type the icon will send to this window. First, in your main forms Private section put the line:TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; type TMainForm class(TForm) procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); private TrayIconData: TNotifyIconData; { Private declarations }public{ Public declarations }end; Then, in your main forms OnCreate method, initialize the TrayIconData data structure and call the Shell_NotifyIcon function: with TrayIconData dobegin cbSize : SizeOf(TrayIconData); Wnd : Handle; uID : 0; uFlags : NIF_MESSAGE NIF_ICON NIF_TIP; uCallbackMessage : WM_ICONTRAY; hIcon : Application.Icon.Handle; StrPCopy(szTip, Application.Title); end; Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, TrayIconData); The Wnd parameter of the TrayIconData structure points to the window that receives notification messages associated with an icon.   The hIcon points to the icon we want to add to the Tray - in this case, Applications main icon is used.The szTip holds the Tooltip text to display for the icon - in our case the title of the application. The szTip can hold up to 64 characters.The uFlags parameter is set to tell the icon to process application messages, use the applications icon and its tip. The uCallbackMessage points to the application-defined message identifier. The system uses the specified identifier for notification messages that it sends to the window identified by Wnd whenever a mouse event occurs in the bounding rectangle of the icon. This parameter is set to WM_ICONTRAY constant defined in the interface section of the forms unit and equals: WM_USER 1; You add the icon to the Tray by calling the Shell_NotifyIcon API function. The first parameter NIM_ADD adds an icon to the Tray area. The other two possible values, NIM_DELETE and NIM_MODIFY are used to delete or modify an icon in the Tray - well see how later in this article. The second parameter we send to the Shell_NotifyIcon is the initialized TrayIconData structure. Take One If you RUN your project now youll see an icon near the Clock in the Tray. Note three things.   1) First, nothing happens when you click (or do anything else with the mouse) on the icon placed in the Tray - we havent created a procedure (message handler), yet.2) Second, there is a button on the Task Bar (we obviously dont want it there).3) Third, when you close your application, the icon remains in the Tray. Take Two Lets solve this backward. To have the icon removed from the Tray when you exit the application, you have to call the Shell_NotifyIcon again, but with the NIM_DELETE as the first parameter. You do this in the OnDestroy event handler for the Main form. procedure TMainForm.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);begin Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, TrayIconData);end; To hide the application (applications button) from the Task Bar well use a simple trick. In the Projects source code add the following line: Application.ShowMainForm : False; before the Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); E.g let it look like: ...begin Application.Initialize; Application.ShowMainForm : False; Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm); Application.Run;end. And finally, to have our Tray icon respond to mouse events, we need to create a message handling procedure. First, we declare a message handling procedure in the public part of the form declaration: procedure TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_ICONTRAY; Second, the definition of this procedure looks like: procedure TMainForm.TrayMessage(var Msg: TMessage);begincase Msg.lParam of WM_LBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Left button clicked - lets SHOW the Form!); MainForm.Show; end; WM_RBUTTONDOWN: begin ShowMessage(Right button clicked - lets HIDE the Form!); MainForm.Hide; end; end;end; This procedure is designed to handle only our message, the WM_ICONTRAY. It takes the LParam value from the message structure which can give us the state of the mouse upon the activation of the procedure. For the sake of simplicity well handle only left mouse down (WM_LBUTTONDOWN) and right mouse down (WM_RBUTTONDOWN). When the left mouse button is down on the icon we show the main form, when the right button is pressed we hide it. Of course, there are other mouse input messages you can handle in the procedure, like, button up, button double click etc. Thats it. Quick and easy. Next,  youll see how to animate the icon in the Tray and how to have that icon reflect the state of your application. Even more, youll see how to display a pop-up menu near the icon.

Project 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project 1 - Coursework Example Examination of the ritual of a Tamil Brahmin wherein the day begins by waking up before sunrise, baths in cold water and begins with the pujas- by performing ‘Sandhyavandana’ and ‘Japa’ and are vegetarians who do not onions, garlic, leeks and mushrooms. After marriage at the age of 22 the couple migrated to the United States of America to pursue their studies. Against this backdrop imagine this Brahmin living in America and indeed Kala would have to face and adjust with the cultural change. Kala states that initially they felt like aliens for their accent and style of communication was different and people did find it hard to comprehend them. The positive impact is Kala though an Indian by birth has her heart, soul and life in America. She has accepted the American style but at the same time respecting her tradition and religious norms. For instance Kala does not eat meat but she has no problem washing and cooking meat/chicken for her friends and neighbors. When asked will she ever miss her home country? Kala replied her mother country can never be removed from her memory as it will always be part of her but now she is the child of another country. Interesting and how does her family react when she visits them with her Westernized outlook and accent? Initially, Kala replied that they looked upon me as a sinner who has disgraced the family. Especially when they knew that I had touched, washed and cooked meat. My parents made me bath in cold water with saffron and only after days of pujas was I allowed to enter the house. â€Å"Try explaining or changing their view point† she laughs and says â€Å"impossible, as they have been inculcated in their rituals that they refuse modernization†. Kala further added, â€Å"When my children were born my family wanted us to return to India as they felt that the children had to be brought up learning the Hindu sutras and slokas†. She reminisce the

Human Recourse Management Amounts to Little More Than a Simple Essay

Human Recourse Management Amounts to Little More Than a Simple Reworking of the Human Relations School of Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that there are several factors which have there impact on the growth of the HRM as a field. The main factors are economy and society. During the period of agrarian economy the social structure and economy was very simple. It developed into a complex system during industrial revolution. The social set up changed. There was more emphasis on the productivity. Manufacturing industry contribution to economy decreased in subsequent years and Service Industry experienced growth. The importance of human increased due to the fact that human is important factor in the production and consumption of services. Human resources have been an important factor of production from the agrarian economy. This paper makes a conclusion that the scientific methods of management by Taylor and his stress on efficiency improvement gave food of thought to others. Mayo and others focused on the soft components of workers’ life. These were the psychological and social components. This was the starting of the study of human resource management. Various theories of motivation, leadership, loyalty, perceptiuon, behaviour and others have developed. The contributions of Human Relations School of Management encouraged the managers and leaders to understand individuals’ various needs and develop their human resource strategies on the basis of that. This have demanded for an individual department in the organisations. It is Human Rsource Management department which independently handles the needs and requirements of the human resource. Hu

The relationship between internal and external customer service Essay - 2

The relationship between internal and external customer service - Essay Example For instance, if the firm is a shoe production line, external customers are individuals that may include retailers and suppliers who enters the firm’s store and buys merchandise. On the converse, internal customers entail individuals or any member of the firm who depends on the assistance from others to accomplish her routine duties. They include individuals such as marketing and sales agents who needs help from a customer service envoy to place an order. Thus the internal customers ensure that the shoes produced are up to external customer’s satisfaction. Whilst, the external (buyers, suppliers, etc.) and internal customers (employees) may execute dissimilar roles; both customers are critical to the feasibility of an organisation. Traditionally, companies may have a natural propensity on only focus on the relationship with their external customers, since they are the ones that buy the firms products and services. However, it has become necessary of late and with increasing recognition of the need to give internal customers the same degree of reliance, for good internal customers’ relationship fosters a healthy working environment. Among the simple initiatives that an organisation can invoke in improving internal customer relations would include changing the culture in an organisation for all employees to think of fellow workers in the same manner as with external customers. The top management should always set an example by appreciating workers’ endeavours and encourage their criticism (PAWAR, n.d.). Such proactive initiatives are crucial to boosting employee’s morale and leading to the flourish of the business. Various relations experts have made commendable opinions of the significance of this relationship. The objective of this essay is decisively to appraise the role played by internal customer service in the delivery of external customer service excellence For few decades now up

Practices of Lifestyle Modification Regarding T2DM

Practices of Lifestyle Modification Regarding T2DM Chapter 5 Discussion, Recommendation Conclusion 5.1 Introduction Most studies on the KAP on diabetes both in developing and developed countries targeted patients with diabetes. (Ben Abdelaziz, Thabet, Soltane, Gaha K, Gaha R, et al., 2007). Unlike these, this study targeted the general population. Therefore adequate comparative data is lacking for the study and the discussion is based on knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of Saint Lucia. There is no study concerning KAP regarding T2DM available in Saint Lucia, hence, this study is an attempt to gather the data regarding the same. This chapter discusses a collaboration of major finding of the study, the relevant discussion, recommendation and conclusion. The study was a cross-sectional study in an attempt to collect sufficient information on knowledge, attitudes and practices of lifestyle modification regarding T2DM among the population of Saint Lucia. 5.1.1 Demographic Majority of the participants in this study were in the age group 25-34 years (39.5%). This in general accordance with the national census which conducted in the 2015 (Department of Statistic, 2015) In regard to participants with no formal education was very low 1.3%, and participants with primary , secondary and tertiary level together constituted an overwhelming (98.7%) of the participants in this study. This indicates that most participants are well educated, a finding which is similar to the results of another study conducted by Karir Consultant Limited. A majority of the participants were poverty-stricken (34.1%) earning between $0.00 $1,499.99 eastern Caribbean dollars per household. Poverty could limit accessibility to and affordability of a well-balanced diet and healthy food. And this could explain why a large percentage of the participants had low level of practice towards T2DM regarding regular doctor visits. The finding is in keeping with a survey conducted by KAIRI Consultant Limited where 43.8% of the population was shown to have very low income (KAIRI, 2007). 5.1.2 Knowledge In this study it is found that knowledge is statistically high amongst the respondents. 76.1% of the respondents had good knowledge of T2DM. The results also indicated that the respondents were very knowledgeable on the general awareness of T2DM such as the symptoms, complications and prevention of the specific disease. The result was consistent with a study done by Ambigapathy and colleagues found in their study that majority of respondents (67.0%) were knowledgeable about lifestyle modifications. The respondents scored 50% and above of the total score for all the categories of questions asked (Ambigapathy R. et al, 2006). In contrast R. Malathy and colleague in their study concluded low education amongst majority of their respondents. 83.3% had poor knowledge of the benefits of exercise, weight loss and healthy diet (R. Malathy et al, 2011). 5.1.3 Attitude Majority of the respondents agreed that it is important to engage in regular exercise, to follow a controlled diet and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Results indicated that 90.5% of the respondents had positively agreed that regular exercise is necessary to help manage T2DM. While 80.9% agreed that diet modification is essential to control the disease by getting correct advice and clarification. These findings imply that the respondents had good attitude towards diabetes prevention and control practices. This finding is similar to that of Mukhopadhyay P et al in which majority of the respondents 82.3% had positive attitude towards lifestyle modifications (Mukhopadhyay P et al, 2010). Similar results were revealed in a study conducted by Upadhyay DK et al 60.3% of the respondents had positive attitude towards lifestyle modifications (Upadhyay DK et al, 2008). 5.1.4 Practice Results indicated that the respondents had poor practices towards regularly exercise and diabetes preventative measure such foot and eye examinations. This was evidenced by results which indicated that the respondents did not exercise regularly while majority of the respondents never visited heath care provider for diet advice, never checked their blood pressure and never checked their blood sugar level. This finding is similar to those of W.M Kiberenge and colleagues in which majority of respondents (75.6%) had bad practices in relation to lifestyle modifications (W.M Kiberenge et al, 2010). 5.1.5 Variables Combined The association between KAP in this study was selectively determined; that is only specific questions were used. These questions comprise of two aspects diet modification and practice question such as regular exercise, maintaining healthy lifestyle and regular doctor visits respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r= 0.233, p=0.000) and (r=.201, p=0.000) between the knowledge level and the attitude level of respondents in this study. This means that the better respondents were knowledgeable, the better they were willing to observe healthy lifestyle habits. There was a very weak, non-significant positive correlation (r=-0.064, p=0.259) between the knowledge level and practice level of respondents. This means that being knowledgeable did not necessarily translate to healthy lifestyle practices. The results found in this study were similar to those in the study by Ambigapathy R. and colleagues in which a significant positive correlation (r=0.536, p 5.2 Recommendation The government must take a lead in creating awareness about diabetes disease country wide and in the counties that are adversely affected. In addition to developing the Saint Lucia national diabetes center, a community awareness program targeting rural and semi-urban communities should be developed using a multi-sectoral approach in order to address the knowledge gaps and influence behavior towards diabetes prevention. Given the low and uncertain incomes characteristic among the people, free screening for chronic diseases should be availed to the residents by the county government to increase their knowledge level on diabetes status. This can be done in a similar manner to the ante natal care program targeting all government facilities right from level 2 health facilities. In order to ensure that once a community member seeking for health care services is managed well right from the start, there is a need for an increase in the awareness of diabetes management and its complications in the primary healthcare sector especially at level two facilities such as dispensaries and health care centers due to their proximity to members of the public. Thus, continuous education on diabetes mellitus and its complications for primary healthcare providers should be accompanied by regular assessments on the knowledge level. Screening for diabetes is important, but equally crucial is patient education and counseling. The following measures are recommended to address the knowledge and practice deficits uncovered in this study: 1. There is need for the implementation of community or national based lifestyle intervention program to improve the knowledge of patients regarding healthy lifestyle and emphasize the importance of exercise and weight loss in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This should be extended to the primary health care clinics where the majority of patients are seen. 2. Medical nutrition intervention program should be implemented with a multidisciplinary team (Doctor, dietician, social worker, psychologistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) 3. Empower Mamelodi healthcare workers with motivational interviewing knowledge and skills to promote behavior change and adoption of healthy lifestyle practices by patients 5.3 Conclusion The knowledge and attitude levels of lifestyle modifications among the population of Saint Lucia was generally high. Nevertheless, majority of these people have poor practices toward healthy lifestyle habits. Majority of the respondents had poor practices such as regularly exercise, checking their blood glucose level, and visiting the doctor for regular check-ups. This implies that there is need to develop community based health promotion programs to bring about paradigm shifts that will promote healthily choices and behavior as well as understand the impact of culture and beliefs to these practices. The low incomes suggest the respondents inability or difficulties in meeting health care costs when they arise, this may explain the poor practice of visiting health facility for regular check-ups. References Ben Abdelaziz A, Thabet H, Soltane I, Gaha K, Gaha R, et al. (2007) Knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes about their condition in Sousse, Tunisia. East Mediterr Health J May-Jun; 13 (3) 505-14.) Department of Statistics. Unpublished data. Saint Lucia; 2013

Female Spirituality and Sexuality Explored Through Zora Neale Hurston’s

Zora Neale Hurston, while living in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, was researching voodoo on the most scholarly level. She was studying with Haiti’s most well known hougans and mambos, or priests and priestesses. At this time she was gathering knowledge about voodoo so she could write the text, Tell My Horse. Also, at this same time Hurston had finished writing, Their Eyes Were Watching God in only seven short weeks. A close reading of this novel provides the reader with a relationship between voodoo and the text. Hurston not only explores female spirituality and sexuality in, Their Eyes Were Watching God, but weaves the two together revealing that voodoo culture plays an important role within the novel especially in the comparisons between the voodoo goddess Erzulie and the texts main character Janie Crawford. Hurston exploits the society in which Janie Crawford lives in. Hers is a society in which she is not allowed to live freely and express herself freely. She is suppressed in her society because she is a woman and because she is African-American. Hurston understands this oppression and she uncovers the truth on the status of black females at this time. There were no powerful roles available to them in their American culture or in their African-American culture. Women were looked down on and they were not seen as potentially strong spiritual and sexual people. Hurston opens the door for her protagonist, Janie Crawford, to create a more substantial and empowering life for herself after the many hardships she faces. She leads her down a path to self-determination and this path is embodied by the spirituality of voodoo. â€Å"The old, old mysticism of the world in African terms...a religion of creation and life† (Tell My Horse 376).This i... ...oodoo, which stands in the novel to tie in the value of self-discovery is integral to the story’s comparisons between Janie and Erzulie. Voodoo is believed to have played a shapely role in the Haitian revolution in which Haiti won its independence from France. The integration of voodoo imagery and symbolism throughout, Their Eyes Were Watching God, reflects Hurston’s belief that self-discovery for African-American women lies not in their male dominated society, but rather in their understanding of their own sexual and spiritual strength. Hurston achieves this idea greatly by linking the female goddess Erzulie with Janie Crawford. Works Cited Tell My Horse. 1938. rptd. in Hurston: Folklore, Memoirs and Other Writings. ed. Cheryl A Wall. New York: Library of America, 1995. 269-555. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. New York: Harper & Row, 1990.

Birdsong Essay

How is the relationship between Stephen and Isabelle started and developed in Part one of Birdsong? Part one of Birdsong begins in France 1910 which involves young Englishman Stephen Wraysford coming to Amiens to learn more about the textile industry and to stay with the Azaire family. This sets the context and is relevant as it is a period of industrial and civil unrest. The novel is written in the third person and Stephen’s presence allows for an outsider’s view of the family with him not stating his opinion and being neutral between sides. From the start there’s a mutual attraction between Stephen and Isabelle. Stephen finds this in some assets of Isabelle’s character firstly when Isabelle comments on a beautiful piece of music she has heard, Berard then attempts to belittle her but she puts him aside with a look. â€Å"Stephen watched as Madame Azaire turned her head slowly so that her eyes met those of Berard. He saw them open wider as they focused on his smiling face of which perspiration stood out in the still air of the dining room† Stephen admires this and cannot believe she is the mother of Lisette and Gregoire. Stephen finds a certain trust in Isabelle as she seems to be discrete unlike the characteristics of Azaire. He thinks that secrets will be kept safe with her. Stephen hears the sob and pleading of a woman and is sure that it is Isabelle however he returns to his room with no cause of action despite his â€Å"sense of confused anger†. Stephen thinks he could be the one to save her from violence. This shows his emotions developing for Isabelle as â€Å"He saw, with some surprise, that what had struck him most he had not written about at all†. Azaire demonstrates a patriarchal influence as he treats his work and Isabelle with the same heavy-handedness and this shows his desire to rule in both his public and private life. Azaire seems to be too traditional, old and contemporary for Isabelle. With the violence, an unhappy marriage and a lot of time spent with Stephen an affair is inevitably going to happen between him and Isabelle. Stephen’s thoughts drift at work one day and his thoughts consist of Isabelle, only. The narrative then shifts to how he describes her and his feelings of her in his notebook, they are summed up in a single word ‘Pulse’. Stephen’s growing attraction towards Isabelle become increasingly apparent with his awareness of the way she moves and noticeably how she eats and drinks. â€Å"Her white hands seemed barely to touch the cutlery when they ate at the family dinner table and her lips left no trace of their presence on the wine glass†. Isabelle’s suppressed emotions are connected with her position as a bourgeois woman. Stephen’s attempt to get closer to her when finding her in the garden highlights why she acts with restraint. The language reiterates this earlier in the text before Stephen has a relationship with Isabelle she is referred to as Madame Azaire. Isabelle greets Stephen as ‘Monsieur’ on his returns from work. She asks him to ‘respect her position’ when Stephen takes her hand in his in the garden. She is seen to react in accordance with her social standing. Without regard Isabelle offers little in the way of resistance when he takes her hand. However these thoughts come from Stephen’s perspective and there are little insight given into Isabelle’s emotions. The theme of desire is broached and made relevant as Stephen sits opposite Isabelle on the boat on the return home from a trip to the water gardens. As they touch each other and do not move away, his desire for her is heightened. â€Å"Isabelle’s foot touches his leg; neither moves†. Stephen hits a man who defamed Isabelle; Azaire suggests that it is best if he stays at the house for a while until all is settled. This section is mainly significant for when Stephen and Isabelle make love, the earlier parts of the novel have been building up to this as the sexual tension is released between both characters. The act is instigated initially by Steven when he pulls her towards him once Lisette leaves however it is continued by Isabelle when she asks him to come to the red room. This scene however is slightly different as it has connotations of a fairy tale. â€Å"By the time Stephen turned round she had gone. The red room. He panicked. He was sure it would be one of those he had once seen but could never refind; it would be like a place in a dream that remains out of reach; it would always be behind him† this may be due to the recognition of both their optimum feelings towards each other. The scene in the red room is also relevant for what it reveals about Isabelle’s thought processes â€Å"She wanted him to bring alive what she had buried, and not to demean, destroy her fabricated self† this describes how she sees Stephen as her saviour. They continue to make love secret; he asks her to come to England. Azaire hears a rumour of Isabelle having an affair with Lucien and helping the strikers families, Isabelle admits to helping the families as she is no long afraid of her husband as she is no under the protection of Stephen. She says she has been having an affair with Stephen, not Lucien. Stephen takes the blame saying he ‘seduced’ her feeling pity for Azaire. They leave for the South of France. In the last section Isabelle discovers that she is pregnant; she decides not to tell Stephen. There is a significant use of dramatic irony in this as Isabelle believes Stephen to be distant even about his own life, whereas he has been considering taking her to his grandparents’ old home because he wishes to share his past with her now. This is because ‘his life’s concern’ is her ‘well-being’. Ironically, it is the fear for the well-being of her child that impels her to go to Jeanne rather than stay with him. When he discovers she has left, the effect is compared to that of a block of wood being split, This simile cleverly describes his emotional state because, although he shows no outward sign to his co-workers, he is ripped apart inside â€Å"No shred or fibre escaped he sundering†. His emotions are left in pieces by their relationship.